Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Identifieur interne : 000A72 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000A71; suivant : 000A73Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Auteurs : D. Verbaan ; J. Marinus ; M. Visser ; S M Van Rooden ; A M Stiggelbout ; H A M. Middelkoop ; J J Van HiltenSource :
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry [ 0022-3050 ] ; 2007-11.
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used. Aim: To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables. Methods: A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution. Results: Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity. Conclusions: Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.
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DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><name sortKey="Verbaan, D" sort="Verbaan, D" uniqKey="Verbaan D" first="D" last="Verbaan">D. Verbaan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marinus, J" sort="Marinus, J" uniqKey="Marinus J" first="J" last="Marinus">J. Marinus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, M" sort="Visser, M" uniqKey="Visser M" first="M" last="Visser">M. Visser</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Rooden, S M" sort="Van Rooden, S M" uniqKey="Van Rooden S" first="S M" last="Van Rooden">S M Van Rooden</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stiggelbout, A M" sort="Stiggelbout, A M" uniqKey="Stiggelbout A" first="A M" last="Stiggelbout">A M Stiggelbout</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Middelkoop, H A M" sort="Middelkoop, H A M" uniqKey="Middelkoop H" first="H A M" last="Middelkoop">H A M. Middelkoop</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Hilten, J J" sort="Van Hilten, J J" uniqKey="Van Hilten J" first="J J" last="Van Hilten">J J Van Hilten</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47</idno><date when="2007" year="2007">2007</date><idno type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000A72</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><name sortKey="Verbaan, D" sort="Verbaan, D" uniqKey="Verbaan D" first="D" last="Verbaan">D. Verbaan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marinus, J" sort="Marinus, J" uniqKey="Marinus J" first="J" last="Marinus">J. Marinus</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Visser, M" sort="Visser, M" uniqKey="Visser M" first="M" last="Visser">M. Visser</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Rooden, S M" sort="Van Rooden, S M" uniqKey="Van Rooden S" first="S M" last="Van Rooden">S M Van Rooden</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stiggelbout, A M" sort="Stiggelbout, A M" uniqKey="Stiggelbout A" first="A M" last="Stiggelbout">A M Stiggelbout</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Middelkoop, H A M" sort="Middelkoop, H A M" uniqKey="Middelkoop H" first="H A M" last="Middelkoop">H A M. Middelkoop</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Hilten, J J" sort="Van Hilten, J J" uniqKey="Van Hilten J" first="J J" last="Van Hilten">J J Van Hilten</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2007-11">2007-11</date><biblScope unit="volume">78</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1182">1182</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></series><idno type="istex">284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-78-1182.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jn112367</idno><idno type="PMID">17442759</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;78/11/1182</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-3050</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used. Aim: To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables. Methods: A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution. Results: Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity. Conclusions: Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D Verbaan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J Marinus</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M Visser</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S M van Rooden</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A M Stiggelbout</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H A M Middelkoop</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J J van Hilten</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Paper</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used. Aim: To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables. Methods: A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution. Results: Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity. Conclusions: Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.3</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><keywordCount>2</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1914</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4300</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>28370</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>268</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title><pmid><json:string>17442759</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>78</volume><pages><first>1182</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-3050</json:string></issn><issue>11</issue><genre></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-330X</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></host><publicationDate>2007</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2007</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</json:string></doi><id>284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title><respStmt xml:id="ISTEX-API" resp="Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID" name="ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)"></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2007-04-18</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title><author><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Verbaan</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Marinus</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>Visser</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">S M</forename><surname>van Rooden</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">A M</forename><surname>Stiggelbout</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">H A M</forename><surname>Middelkoop</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J J</forename><surname>van Hilten</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-3050</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-330X</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2007-11"></date><biblScope unit="volume">78</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1182">1182</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</idno><idno type="href">jnnp-78-1182.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">jn112367</idno><idno type="PMID">17442759</idno><idno type="local">jnnp;78/11/1182</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2007-04-18</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used. Aim: To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables. Methods: A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution. Results: Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity. Conclusions: Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>hwp-journal-coll</head><item><term>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-04-18">Created</change><change when="2007-11">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-3-14">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jnnp</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jnnp</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3050</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-330X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jn112367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;78/11/1182</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;jnnp.2006.112367</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17442759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">1182</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp.2006.112367</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject content-type="original">Paper</subject><subj-group subj-group-type="Article Type"><subject content-type="original">Papers</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Verbaan</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marinus</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Visser</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Rooden</surname><given-names>S M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stiggelbout</surname><given-names>A M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Middelkoop</surname><given-names>H A M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van Hilten</surname><given-names>J J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</addr-line> </aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</addr-line> </aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</addr-line> </aff><author-notes><corresp>D Verbaan, Department of Neurology, K5Q-92, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, NL- 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; <email xlink:type="simple">D.Verbaan@lumc.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>18</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>4</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>78</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">78</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">78</volume-id><issue>11</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jnnp;78/11</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">11</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">78/11</issue-id><fpage>1182</fpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>12</month><year>2006</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>7</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>3</month><year>2007</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>2007 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jnnp-78-1182.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background:</title><p>Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim:</title><p>To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods:</title><p>A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution.</p></sec><sec><title>Results:</title><p>Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions:</title><p>Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Verbaan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J</namePart><namePart type="family">Marinus</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">Visser</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S M</namePart><namePart type="family">van Rooden</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A M</namePart><namePart type="family">Stiggelbout</namePart><affiliation>Department of Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H A M</namePart><namePart type="family">Middelkoop</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J J</namePart><namePart type="family">van Hilten</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><subject><genre>hwp-journal-coll</genre><topic>Memory disorders (psychiatry)</topic></subject><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-11</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2007-04-18</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Background: Cognitive impairment plays a role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and has important consequences for patient management. However, many aspects of cognitive impairment in PD remain unclear because of the use of different and often invalid measurement instruments. In this study, a reliable and valid instrument, the SCales for Outcomes in PArkinson’s disease-COGnition (SCOPA-COG), was used. Aim: To evaluate cognitive functioning in a large cohort of patients with Parkinson’s disease and to assess the relations with demographic, disease related and clinical variables. Methods: A cohort of 400 patients with PD was evaluated for cognition, motor and non-motor domains, as well as for demographic and disease related characteristics. Results were compared with 150 controls matched for overall age, sex and education distribution. Results: Patients with PD scored significantly lower on all cognitive subdomains compared with controls, with the largest differences for executive functioning and memory. After correction for age and years of education, 22% of patients had impaired cognition, as measured by the total SCOPA-COG score, compared with controls. Across all patients, more severe cognitive impairment was associated with significantly more impairment in motor, autonomic, depressive and psychotic domains. Patients with the postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD) dominant phenotype showed more cognitive impairment compared with patients with the tremor dominant phenotype. Contrary to tremor scores, PIGD scores significantly worsened with increasing disease severity. Conclusions: Cognition is an important domain of the clinical spectrum of PD and poorer cognitive performance is associated with greater impairment in motor and non-motor domains in PD. The difference in cognitive scores between PIGD dominant patients and tremor dominant patients likely reflects more advanced disease.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0022-3050</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-330X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jnnp</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>78</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1182</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/jnnp.2006.112367</identifier><identifier type="href">jnnp-78-1182.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">jn112367</identifier><identifier type="PMID">17442759</identifier><identifier type="local">jnnp;78/11/1182</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">2007 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>BMJ</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><annexes><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>image/jpeg</mimetype><extension>jpeg</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/284662A000740BA5009BA0DB2525DD680BA48A47/annexes/jpeg</uri></json:item></annexes><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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